Current incentive programs across Europe. Data from official government sources, verified May 2026. Programs change frequently — always verify with local authorities before making decisions.
Albania
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net metering
net-metering
Active
Net metering up to 500 kW. Annual net-billing for prosumers since 2023.
70% solar subsidy program
grant
Active
Government covers 70% of installation costs for 2,000 families.
Auction for large solar
grant
Active
Auction schemes for projects >2 MW. FiT abolished in 2023.
Austria
Program
Type
Status
Notes
EAG-Investitionszuschuss
grant
Active
€150/kWp (≤10 kWp), €140/kWp (10-20 kWp), €130/kWp (20-100 kWp). Battery: €150/kWh. 'Made in Europe' bonus +10% per EU component. Budget €60M for 2026 (3 calls: Apr, Jun, Oct).
Investitionsfreibetrag (IFB)
taxAllowance
Active
22% for ecological investments (incl. PV) for businesses, Nov 2025 - end 2026. Cap €1M investment / €220k per company. NOT for residential.
OeMAG feed-in / market premium
feedInTariff
Active
~7.7 ct/kWh for ≤10 kWp, 13-20 year contract. Feed-in revenues up to €12,500/yr income-tax-free for systems ≤35 kWp.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Program
Type
Status
Notes
FBiH Prosumer Grant
grant
Active
Up to BAM 7,000 (~€3,580) or 60% of investment cost for households consuming >5,500 kWh/year. Vulnerable households eligible at >3,500 kWh/year.
ERS On-Bill Financing
loan
Active
Target: 50,000 residential systems (~250 MW) in Republika Srpska. Financed via electricity bills. World Bank co-financing.
World Bank SURE Project
grant
Active
€232M IBRD loan + €5M household co-financing to scale residential solar across all entities.
Net Metering
net-metering
Active
1:1 kWh credit for up to 10.8 kW (FBiH) for 10 years, then net billing. Max 150 kW per plant.
Belgium
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Brussels net metering
netMetering
Active
1:1 net metering ONLY in Brussels-Capital region. Expected to end 2027-2028. Combined with green certificates ~€65 each and Prime Energie €2,500-€3,500.
Flanders green certificates
greenCertificate
Active
Guaranteed minimum €65/green certificate until 2028 in Flanders. No investment premium since Dec 2023. Wholesale injection credits €0.04-0.06/kWh.
Wallonia 5-slot incentive tariff
feedInTariff
Upcoming
New 5-slot incentive tariff launching in 2026. Details still being finalised. Green certificates at guaranteed €65 minimum until 2028.
Bulgaria
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Guaranteed feed-in tariff
feedInTariff
Active
BGN 0.21181/kWh (~€0.108) for <5 kWp. BGN 0.20397/kWh for 5-30 kWp. Guaranteed 20 years. Among the most generous residential FITs in EU.
Net metering
netMetering
Active
Net metering available for residential self-consumption systems. Can choose between net metering and FIT.
Belarus
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Import Duty Exemption
tax
Active
Customs duties on renewable energy equipment cancelled.
Commercial Green Tariff
feed-in
Active
Triple-rate for 10 years, then 0.85x for next 10 years for approved commercial projects under state quota. NOT available for residential.
Switzerland
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Cantonal feed-in tariffs
feed-in
Active
Varies by canton. Typically 10-20 cts/kWh for 10-25 years.
One-time investment subsidy
grant
Active
Some cantons offer 10-30% one-time subsidy on PV systems.
Building program solar
grant
Active
Federal and cantonal building programs include solar incentives.
Czech Republic
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Nová zelená úsporám (Green Savings Light)
solarGrant
Active
Up to 50% subsidy for PV+battery systems. Administered by State Environmental Fund (SFŽP). Check current open calls.
Green Bonus
feedInTariff
Active
Premium on spot market price for exported electricity. Effective rate ~€0.04/kWh. Alternative to net billing.
Germany
Program
Type
Status
Notes
EEG feed-in tariff
feedInTariff
Active
Partial feed-in (Teileinspeisung) 7.78 ct/kWh; full feed-in (Volleinspeisung) 12.34 ct/kWh for ≤10 kWp. Locked 20 years. Degresses ~1% every 6 months.
0% VAT on residential solar
vatExemption
Active
Effective since 1 Jan 2023. Unlimited duration. Covers supply + installation on/near residential buildings.
Solar Peak Act (Solarspitzengesetz)
regulatoryChange
Active
No EEG pay during negative price hours. 60% export cap without smart meter (iMSys). Mandatory iMSys >7 kWp. Storage exempt from 60% cap.
Denmark
Program
Type
Status
Notes
No feed-in tariff (new systems)
regulatoryChange
Not_available
No feed-in tariff for new residential systems since 2013. Export at Nordpool spot market rate. Very high grid electricity prices make self-consumption the primary value driver.
Estonia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Large Investment Scheme
grant
Active
Up to €20M support for projects >€100M (not residential).
Renewable Subsidies
grant
Active
€71M in 2025, mainly producer subsidies for utility-scale and business projects.
Net Metering
net-metering
Active
Net metering / net billing available. Prosumer framework exists.
Municipal Programmes
grant
Periodic
Some municipal programmes for residential solar.
Spain
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Compensación simplificada
netBilling
Active
Hourly netting for systems <100 kW. Monthly settlement. NO rollover — unused credits forfeited. Compensates only energy charge, not fixed charges.
ICIO tax exemption
taxExemption
Active
Municipal construction tax exemption for solar installations.
Finland
Program
Type
Status
Notes
No specific residential solar subsidy
regulatoryChange
Not_available
No major national residential solar subsidy as of 2026. Some renovation support programmes may partially cover solar as part of broader energy efficiency upgrades. Very low electricity prices reduce incentive urgency.
France
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Prime à l'autoconsommation
selfConsumptionBonus
Active
€80/kWp for ≤9 kWp (Q2 2026 rate). Paid lump sum ~12-14 months after commissioning. Rates revised quarterly by CRE. Fallen 84% from 2023 peak due to degressivity.
Crédit d'impôt (CITE)
taxCredit
Not_available
PV systems REMOVED from CITE eligibility in 2014. Replaced by OA + Prime framework. MaPrimeRénov' covers thermal renovation/heat pumps but NOT standalone PV.
5.5% VAT on residential solar ≤9 kWp
vatReduction
Active
5.5% TVA for ≤9 kWp on existing residential buildings from 1 Oct 2025. Strict environmental criteria: PPE2 V2 certification, carbon footprint <530 kgCO₂eq/kWp.
United Kingdom
Program
Type
Status
Notes
0% VAT on solar panels
vat
Active
5% VAT on energy-saving materials including solar since April 2022
Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)
feed-in
Active
Mandatory payments for exported electricity. Rates vary 3-15p/kWh by supplier.
Home Upgrade Grant
grant
Active
For low-income households off gas grid. Up to £10,000 for energy efficiency + renewables.
ECO4 scheme
grant
Active
Energy Company Obligation. Free/low-cost insulation and solar for qualifying households.
Greece
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net metering (virtual offset)
netMetering
Active
Virtual offset net metering up to 10.8 kW single-phase / 17.28 kW three-phase. Energy charge offset only, not fixed charges.
Electra battery subsidy
storageGrant
Active
€200/kWh subsidy for residential battery storage. Part of broader Electra energy transition program.
Croatia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net metering
netMetering
Active
Net metering for self-consumption systems. Excess can be credited. Very good solar conditions on Adriatic coast.
Feed-in tariff tender
feedInTariff
Active
Tender-based FIT for 50-200 kW systems. Max €84.66/MWh (~€0.085/kWh). Smaller residential systems typically use net metering.
Hungary
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Otthoni Energiatároló Program (OETP)
batteryGrant
Suspended
Round 2 suspended indefinitely as of Mar 16, 2026. Not permanently cancelled — portal remains active.
27% VAT on existing-home solar
vatStandard
Active
Standard VAT on solar installation for existing homes. New builds (≤150m² flat / ≤300m² house) via general contractor qualify for 5% VAT.
Bruttó elszámolás (new systems)
netBilling
Active
All new systems since 2024 on gross settlement. Export ~5 Ft/kWh; import 36-70 Ft/kWh. No annual net metering.
Ireland
Program
Type
Status
Notes
SEAI Solar PV Grant
solarGrant
Active
€700/kWp for first 2 kWp, €200/kWp for 2-4 kWp. Max €1,800. Property must be built before 2021. SEAI-registered installer required. 8 months to complete after approval.
0% VAT on domestic solar
vatExemption
Active
0% VAT on solar supply and installation since May 2023. Confirmed continuing through 2026.
Clean Export Guarantee (CEG)
feedInTariff
Active
Supplier-set export rates ~€0.05-0.10/kWh. First €400/year of export income is tax-free.
Iceland
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Orkustofnun Solar Cell Grant
grant
Active
Competitive grants covering up to 50% of material costs. Prioritizes off-grid properties, rural-rate users, electrically heated areas. Highly oversubscribed.
Italy
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Superbonus 110%
taxCredit
Closed
DEFINITIVELY CLOSED for new applicants. Only earthquake zone exceptions remain (if applied by 30 Mar 2024).
Ecobonus
taxCredit
Active
50% standard IRPEF deduction over 10 years. 65% if improving ≥2 energy classes. Max €48,000 expense. Payment via bonifico parlante.
Scambio sul Posto (SSP)
netMetering
Active
Annual virtual net metering. GSE calculates net economic difference (controvalore). Cash payout possible if injection > withdrawal.
10% VAT on residential solar
vatReduction
Active
Combined supply + installation for residential use. Self-declaration required. No capacity cap.
Lithuania
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Household/SME Solar Grant
grant
Active
Up to 30% investment grant for households/SMEs (≤10 kW), max €3,230. Climate Change Programme (EU ETS revenue funded).
Business CAPEX Programme
grant
Active
€18M CAPEX programme (2025) for business storage/PV, up to 30% funding.
Net Metering
net-metering
Active
Net metering for households and non-profits up to 10 kW. 2-year rolling settlement period (April–March).
Remote Solar Parks
other
Active
Households can buy shares of remote solar parks.
Luxembourg
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Klimabonus
grant
Active
50% of pre-tax cost (capped €1,250/kWp) for self-consumption systems. 20% (capped €500/kWp) for feed-in systems. Residential ≤30 kW. Order before 31 Dec 2025 for current scheme.
Guaranteed feed-in tariff (Creos)
feedInTariff
Active
€0.1333/kWh for 0-10 kW (2026 rate). €0.1252/kWh for 10-30 kW. Guaranteed 15-year contract. ONLY for reinjection, NOT for self-consumption.
Municipal incentives
grant
Varies
Many municipalities offer additional premiums: fixed €500-€1,000 OR 20-50% of state Klimabonus subsidy. Varies by commune. Examples: Steinfort 20% (max €2,500), Niederanven 50% of state premium.
3% VAT on solar
vatReduction
Active
3% VAT on equipment and installation for residential solar systems. Tax exemption for installations ≤30 kW.
Latvia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Altum Solar Grant
grant
Active
30–40% grant for solar panels, max €4,000–€5,000 per household.
EKII Battery Grant
grant
Active
Up to 50% grant for batteries, max €7,000.
Municipal Top-up Schemes
grant
Active
Additional municipal funding available on top of national grants.
Net Metering
net-metering
Active
Net metering since 2014. 2-year settlement period.
Moldova
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net billing
net-metering
Active
Net billing replaced net metering in 2024. Better for grid stability.
Renewable energy auction
feed-in
Active
15-year fixed-price guarantees. Solar auction price ~€0.059/kWh.
Prosumer support
grant
Active
8,713+ prosumers with 195 MW cumulative capacity. Growing rapidly.
Montenegro
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Solari Program
grant
Active
Up to 20% subsidy on installation cost. Zero upfront cost model: EPCG installs, user repays via monthly installments over 5-10 years.
Solar panels at 15% VAT instead of 21% standard (was 7% until Dec 2024).
Annual Net Metering
net-metering
Active
Annual net metering (balance settlement) for prosumers. Households up to 10 kW.
North Macedonia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net Metering
net-metering
Active
Up to 6 kW for households, 40 kW for businesses. Excess generation credited against future consumption.
Reduced VAT on Solar
tax
Active
5% VAT on solar energy systems and components (vs. standard 18%).
Reduced Customs Duty
tax
Active
5% preferential import duty on solar panels (vs. standard 0-35%).
Periodic Direct Subsidies
grant
Periodic
Government programs subsidizing solar thermal, PV, heat pumps, windows. Budget ~€2.5M/year pre-crisis, expanded 2021-2023.
Netherlands
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Saldering (net metering)
netMetering
Ending
100% 1:1 net metering until 1 Jan 2027 — HARD END. No gradual decline to 64%. Post-2027: supplier-set rates, expected €0.04-0.08/kWh. No regulatory floor.
0% VAT on residential solar
vatExemption
Active
0% BTW since 1 Jan 2023. Applies to supply + installation by registered BTW installer. Self-installation does not qualify.
Norway
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net metering
net-metering
Active
Grid companies must offer net metering. No national feed-in tariff.
Enova support
grant
Active
Enova provides support for energy efficiency and renewable energy, including battery storage.
Transitional program for investments completed Aug 2024-Oct 2025. Budget 40.5% used as of 20 Apr 2026. Future program (autumn 2026) will be storage-only, NO PV subsidies.
8% VAT on solar <50 kW
vatReduction
Active
Reduced 8% VAT for residential and agricultural solar under 50 kW.
Net billing (prosument)
netBilling
Active
Value-based settlement. Export value ×1.23 credited to 12-month deposit. Unused funds refunded 20% (monthly RCEm) or 30% (hourly RCE).
Portugal
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Fundo Ambiental battery grant
storageGrant
Active
€1,650 grant per battery storage system. Can be combined with local subsidies (e.g. Lisbon: €300/kWh, max €3,000).
Repower Portugal
solarGrant
Active
Various programs under Repower Portugal initiative. Check official portals for current open calls and eligibility.
UPAC surplus compensation
netBilling
Active
Surplus exported at 90% of MIBEL market price (~€0.04-0.08/kWh). No net metering for new systems.
Romania
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Electricity price cap
priceRegulation
Active
Final price capped at 0.68-1.3 lei/kWh (€0.14-€0.26) depending on client type and consumption. Reduces savings from self-consumption but Green Certificates add revenue.
Auctions for market premium/feed-in tariff. Residential rooftop excluded from auctions.
Green for Growth
grant
Active
EU-funded program supporting residential solar and energy efficiency.
Russia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
No federal solar subsidy
grant
None
No significant federal residential solar subsidy program.
Regional programs (rare)
grant
Rare
Some regions (e.g., Crimea, Far East) have limited support for off-grid solar.
Sweden
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Green Technology Deduction (Grön teknik-avdraget)
taxDeduction
Active
20% of material+labor costs for solar. 50% for battery and EV charger. Max 50,000 SEK/person/year. Installer must have F-tax status.
Slovenia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Net metering (virtual offset)
netMetering
Active
Virtual offset net metering for self-consumption. Strong policy support. €0.5 billion green measures allocated 2023-2024 for renewables and energy efficiency.
Regulated low electricity prices
priceRegulation
Active
VT €0.084/kWh, NT €0.070/kWh from Nov 2024. Prices regulated for 100% of household consumption. Makes solar payback longer but system costs also lower.
Slovakia
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Green for households
voucherScheme
Active
Voucher-based subsidies for small-scale renewable systems including residential solar. Main driver for 124 MW residential solar in 2025.
Energy sharing
regulatoryChange
Active
Energy sharing enabled within energy communities. Users can transfer electricity to other consumption points. Reformed grid tariffs for energy communities may reduce payback time.
Türkiye
Program
Type
Status
Notes
YEKDEM feed-in tariff
feed-in
Active
YEKDEM ~32 kr/kWh with USD cap $0.051/kWh. For licensed/unlicensed producers.
Net metering (unlicensed)
net-metering
Active
Unlicensed generation up to 5 MW can use net metering. Very popular for residential.
VAT exemption for solar
vat
Active
Solar panel imports VAT exempt. Reduced corporate tax for renewable investments.
Ukraine
Program
Type
Status
Notes
Prosumer net metering
net-metering
Active
Net metering for households with solar up to 30 kW. War-affected implementation.
Green tariff (reduced)
feed-in
Reduced
Previously high green tariff reduced. Now closer to market rates.
IEA reconstruction support
grant
Planned
International funding for energy infrastructure rebuild including renewables.
Data Sources
All data sourced from official government agencies, energy regulators, and EU Commission publications. See each country's specific source references in the table above.